Word: socialism
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Disheartened, demoralized and disillusioned with the ineffectual leadership of Erich Ollenhauer and his doctrinaire henchmen, West Germany's Social Democrats have had little to cheer about since their sweeping defeat by Konrad Adenauer two months ago. But last week the Social Democrats plucked up new courage. In Hamburg, the federal republic's biggest city, they turned out the Christian Democratic coalition administration and won election by the biggest political victory in their party's 100-year history...
Back in office as lord mayor, beefy Max Brauer, 70, was quick to point out that the Hamburg Socialists had succeeded where the national party had failed, because of his moderate, down-to-earth and pro-Western brand of Socialism. "The Social Democrats in Hamburg," he said, "have shed the outworn dogma about being a party solely of workers ... The most important task we have is to set the example for a great people's party drawn from all classes . . . and to shape these new times...
...Bremen's Mayor Wilhelm Kaisen, West Berlin's Mayor Willy Brandt) have their way, the party's old nationalization program will be put into storage, and policymaking will be shifted from the hands of party bureaucrats based in Bonn to a larger body of more flexible Social Democratic leaders in closer touch with the voters, and with a more pragmatic approach to practicalities. Above all, the reformers intend that the party shall not go to the people again in 1961 with Erich Ollenhauer, a two-time loser, as its candidate for the chancellorship...
Nine months ago, in his eagerness to achieve "reunification" with Giuseppe Saragat's Social Democratic Party, devious Pietro Nenni formally broke off the decade-old "unity of action" pact between his Socialists and Italy's Communist Party. While the skeptical claimed he would never make a final break with the Communists, and the hopeful predicted he would, Nenni skillfully teased the Social Democrats and did neither. Last week Nenni settled all doubts. "Any social progress must necessarily enjoy the support of the Communists," proclaimed...
...taking a calculated risk that an alliance with the Communists would strengthen his party's prospects in Italy's forthcoming general election. Whatever his motives, the turnabout planted what Nenni himself once called "a heavy tombstone" on the last lingering hope that Nenni would join the Social Democrats to give Italy a strong anti-Communist left...