Word: socialism
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Recognized as the father of the modern Arab novel, Mahfouz is frequently compared with such 19th century social realists as Dickens and Balzac. In nearly 40 novels and a dozen story collections, he has dealt with the social and political upheavals Egypt has experienced during his lifetime. His main contribution, says Sasson Somekh, a visiting professor of Arabic literature at Princeton, is the "creation of a new Egyptian style" that combines the narrative manner of classic texts such as The Thousand and One Nights with contemporary subject matter...
Marju Lauristin, an Estonian activist, has suggested that the Popular Front was born out of the "alienation" many Estonians feel toward existing social and political organizations. The popular front movements have certainly reinvigorated public debate in the Baltics, inspiring proposals for everything from local convertible currencies and free economic zones to the establishment of independent relations with foreign countries. If such dreams and hopes result in nothing but more empty words, the return of old frustrations will be all the more bitter...
...split 5 to 4, Kennedy voted with a conservative majority eight times, including the stunning decision to reconsider Runyon. Says University of Virginia government professor David O'Brien, a court specialist: "I sense clearly that the court will make a strong turn to the right in the area of social discrimination." If so, the ideological legacy of Ronald Reagan may last well into the 21st century...
Politically Sontag describes herself as a social democrat. But in the 1960s, amid the revulsion aroused by the Viet Nam War, she traveled to Havana and Hanoi and wrote about both places sympathetically, though not without misgivings. Read today, the mismatch in those essays between her complex inquiries and the nostrums of Communism is palpable. Her lingering reputation as a leftist, however, explains the fire storm she set off with a brief speech six years ago at a New York City forum to voice support for Poland's Solidarity labor union. Though the session had been organized by a coalition...
...through independent study, conferring with professors by phone and mail. The program accounts for more than half the college's 950 students. Many of the women are retooling for off-the-farm careers to supplement their family income. For Teresa Miller, 40, who is working toward a degree in social work, studying on campus would have meant commuting 100 miles a day. "This way," she says, "I can pick up the kids, do errands on the farm and still go to school...