Word: socialism
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Teaching an interdisciplinary core curriculum that would include English, fine arts, foreign languages, history, literature, math, science and social studies. The emphasis would be on critical thinking -- making connections between ideas -- rather than rote learning. To promote positive values and encourage good citizenship, the curriculum would include health instruction and community-service activities...
...Carnegie recommendations add up to a middle school that is part classroom and part social-welfare agency, a combination that is bound to make some educators uneasy. "Middle school administrators have got their hands full just trying to educate kids, let alone creating warm, caring environments," says Samuel Sava, executive director of the National Association of Elementary School Principals...
...world where a great number of children arrive at school undernourished, neglected and in poor health, many feel that schools have little choice but to try to fill the gap left by the collapse of families and other social supports. "Parents just aren't there today," says David Lawrence, principal of the Thomas J. Quirk Middle School in Hartford, Conn. "We still are. The kids can't be left to founder...
...middle schools provide health instruction, 40% assign adult advisers to students, 33% use team teaching, and 28% offer sex education. Breaking up large, impersonal schools into smaller units is also starting to gain acceptance. "It's a lot more work, but it's very stimulating," says Elizabeth Ophals, a social-studies teacher at the Louis Armstrong Middle School in New York City, where houses and team teaching were adopted last year...
...called round-table negotiations, which began in February, were based on a fundamental trade-off: the regime would consent to a large degree of democracy in exchange for social cooperation on the economy; Solidarity would help secure that cooperation in return for its legalization and a share of power. The centerpiece of the agreement was the cumbersome electoral law that granted the Communists and their allies 65% of the seats in the Sejm and allotted 35% to the opposition; a new 100-member Senate, with veto power over all legislation, was to be chosen in open elections; a powerful presidency...