Word: socialism
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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That's the good news. The bad news is that a subtle, often unconscious, bias toward ourselves, our kin and our friends can narrow altruism and color moral judgments. "Deception and hypocrisy are very human devices for conducting the complex daily business of social life," wrote Edward O. Wilson in Sociobiology (1975), which brought the new paradigm to the world's attention...
Steptoe, who witnessed many of these changes before his death at 74, in 1988, was an unlikely revolutionary. Born to a church organist father and social-service worker mother in rural Oxfordshire, he decided at an early age to pursue medicine over music. During World War II, he was captured by the Italians after his ship was sunk and got himself tossed into solitary for helping other prisoners escape. Setting up a practice in obstetrics and gynecology after the war, he raised professional eyebrows by pioneering a newfangled fiber-optic device called a laparoscope to perform minimally invasive abdominal surgery...
Dolly shakes our ethical foundations, our social norms, even our religious beliefs. What is the role of clones in society? Are they an asexual variant on incest? Can they become human slaves or organ donors? Who are their parents? Who is their family? Are they made in God's image...
...darling of Virginia Woolf and her intellectually avant-garde Bloomsbury Group, the chairman of a life-insurance company, later a director of the Bank of England, married to a ballerina, John Maynard Keynes--tall, charming and self-confident--nonetheless transformed the dismal science into a revolutionary engine of social progress...
...private sector won't invest enough. As their markets become saturated, businesses reduce their investments, setting in motion a dangerous cycle: less investment, fewer jobs, less consumption and even less reason for business to invest. The economy may reach perfect balance, but at a cost of high unemployment and social misery. Better for governments to avoid the pain in the first place by taking up the slack...