Word: socialism
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...apparent explanation for these results was that pointing--and the social smarts behind it--required a humans-only level of intelligence and evolved in our ancestors only after they branched off from the ancestors of chimpanzees some 7 million years ago. When Tomasello suggested this idea to Hare, however, Hare demurred. "I said, 'Um, Mike, I think my dogs can do that,'" Hare recalls...
...Hare traveled to Novosibirsk and ran his pointing test on baby foxes. The ordinary ones failed miserably. As for the doglike ones, "they did just as well as puppies right out of the box," Hare says. As the animals were bred for their affability, a new side of their social intelligence was apparently awakened...
Once dogs became comfortable in our company, humans began to speed up dogs' social evolution. They may have started by giving extra food to helpful dogs--ones that barked to warn of danger, say. Dogs that paid close attention to humans got more rewards and eventually became partners with humans, helping with hunts or herding other animals. Along the way, the dogs' social intelligence became eerily like ours, and not just in their ability to follow a pointed finger. Indeed, they even started to make very human mistakes. (See more about dogs...
Deeper understanding of the mind of the dog will come with more testing, and Hare and other researchers are planning it--on a grand scale. They're designing new experiments to compare different breeds and to search for genes that were transformed as the animals' social intelligence evolved. Plenty of dog owners are signing up for the studies Hare will be launching this fall. "We'd be happy with thousands," he says...
...scandal forced the soft-drink giants to defend their products and outline social and environmental initiatives, like conserving water resources. Certainly, PepsiCo CEO Indra Nooyi, a native Indian, was not about to be pushed around by an NGO with an agenda. "If they came out of the tainted phase fast, it was because they were able to demonstrate a certain amount of sincerity and transparency," says Santosh Desai, CEO of New Delhi--based marketing consultants Future Brands. "Sales were affected in the short term, [but] they did a good job of reassuring consumers." Atul Singh, CEO of Coke India since...