Word: socialistic
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...which obstinately refused to undergo any transformations after Stalin's death. The Czechs, unlike the Poles and Hungarians in 1956, did not experience even a brief period of destalinization. The artists of the '60s challenged the Zhdanovian ideological norms imposed on any creative activity. Instead of "socialist realism" that portrayed a prison labor camp as a "pioneering project in the building of socialism," Czech artists presented their perception of reality: a devastating attack on the Stalinist system...
...politics since their chances of making films depended so much on political conditions. But Liehm's book is not a long and dreary story of the artists' struggle against censorship. He shows how the post-Stalinist state, affected by the "disintegration" of the official ideology (including the dogmas of "socialist realism") ended up preferring strictly non-political art, while art in general and film in particular were playing an eminently political role as demystifiers of ideologies. In this global perspective of subtle interplay of politics and culture, Liehm sees the history of post war Czech film from the point...
...tanks are just landing). The overjoyed foreman, immediately recognizes the sound and shouts gratefully, "It's them!" Then, as the script indicates, the noise of the engines swells to a crescendo and "grows into an optimistic chorus of heavenly voices." Even Zhdanov would have considered this as sabotage of "socialist realism...
...other sort is best represented by Alexej Pludek's antisemitic "novel" Vabank, the first to deal in literature with the events of 1968. As in any socialist-realist work the characters must be archetypes. The "positive hero" is a working class Czech guy, who just returned from Syria where he was providing "brotherly help" on an engineering project. The "bad guy" is a son of the exploiting class, "pretentious, selfish and foreign to our country." The fact that he operates as "eminence grise" of various literary and political circles is not "an indication of exceptional gifts, but rather a symptom...
...that very reason, Mitbestimmung is viewed with hostility by Communist-and socialist-dominated unions in France and Italy, who want no marriage between workers and capitalists. In Italy, where unions are among the most radical in Europe, an experiment by the giant automaker Fiat to involve workers in production plans and manpower organization appears to be in deep trouble after only six months. Says Socialist Piero Boni, a leader of Italy's largest trade-union confederation: "Today, this is not the right way for Italy. Here we have to go on strike." In Britain, unions want more than...