Word: sociologists
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...addition, Bok clings tightly to his control of granting tenure to professors at Harvard. He rejects about 15 percent of those scholars selected for lifetime positions by Harvard's academic departments, almost always causing outcries. This year, Bok declined to tenure Paul Starr, a Pulitzer-prize-winning sociologist among the finest in his field. Bok had a vision for the department's future with which many professors disagreed. And the president certainly never escapes student protests over the University's $580 million in stock in companies doing business in the segregated state of South Africa...
...need to define themselves against a bewildering, alien culture. "They group for protection, then quickly graduate up when they see the big profits in crime," says Garrison. Many authorities believe that the problem is here to stay. "Today the fellows do not leave the gang," says University of Chicago Sociologist Irving Spergel. "They are not educated. There are no more unskilled jobs. There is no place to go." Others think the new bands will fade, just as most older ones did. "Gangs last only as long as members can't make it in the mainstream," says UCLA Psychologist Rex Beaber...
...latest immigrants are following an arduous and traditional path into American society. Throughout the country's history, groups of newcomers have tended to cluster in certain jobs and then dominate their chosen fields by long and hard work. "This is a very common, recurrent phenomenon," says Harvard Sociologist Daniel Bell. German arrivals with names like Schlitz, Busch and Miller became beermakers in the mid-19th century, for example, while Italians grew fruits and vegetables and produced wine...
Immigrants flock to certain fields for a variety of reasons. The new occupations are often adaptations of what the immigrants did before. "People look for a match between what they can do and what offers an opportunity," says Harvard Sociologist Nathan Glazer. "They try to find a niche, and what's surprising is that there's always a niche to fill." Jewish tailors from Central and Eastern Europe became important in the American garment industry in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Chinese laborers, barred by discrimination from many occupations in the American West, found that they could become entrepreneurs...
...Catholicism, which has provided a spiritual home for millions of immigrants over the past century, has a shaky hold on Hispanic newcomers. A survey by Chicago Sociologist William McCready shows that 30% to 40% of Catholic Hispanics are not involved in parish life. One problem is the supply of priests and nuns. Unlike European arrivals of the past, Hispanic immigrants do not bring their own clergy with them. Only about 4% of the 57,000 Catholic priests in the U.S. and less than 2% of the 115,000 nuns are Hispanic. Until 1970 the church did not have...