Word: sodium
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Unlike the traditional auto battery, which contains solid lead and lead dioxide electrodes in a liquid electrolyte of sulphuric acid, the new Ford battery uses liquid sodium and liquid sulphur for electrodes and a novel ceramic electrolyte made of aluminum oxide. In the battery, electric current is produced by separating the sodium and sulphur with the ceramic electrolyte, which blocks the passage of all particles except sodium ions (sodium atoms stripped of one of their electrons...
Strong Attraction. Unable to reach the sulphur atoms to which they are strongly attracted, the sodium atoms each give up an electron to become sodium ions that are able to pass through the ceramic. The extra electrons, having no other way to rejoin the ions, flow through an external circuit that carries them to the sulphur electrode. That electron flow is an electric current...
Another two years of development will be required, Ford estimates, to produce sodium-sulphur batteries large enough to power even the smallest compact cars. Such batteries would weigh about 300 lbs., produce about 10 kw. of power, and store 15 times as much energy as lead-acid batteries. Equipped with the new batteries, two prototype electric cars that Ford is now building in England are designed to travel 150 miles at 40 m.p.h. They will weigh 1,100 lbs. and carry two adults and two children. Because electric cars require no transmission, radiator, fuel tank, carburetor, fuel pump, exhaust pipe...
...drastic reduction in recent years in the death rate from cholera has resulted mainly from the method that Dr. Phillips' team has devised to maintain the victims' balance of fluids and those all-important electrolytes, the salts of sodium and potassium. But even that Battle is not yet won. Johns Hopkins' Dr. Craig K. Wallace told the International Congress of Pediatrics in Tokyo hat the death rate is almost seven times as high among children under nine as among adults, because their fluid loss is proportionately greater...
...Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2 ("Namru-2") in Taipei, Dr. Robert Allan Phillips, the world's most famed cholera fighter, has pursued his interest in the disease since 1955. An important development was his theory that the diarrhea results from a disturbance of what doctors call "the sodium pump." Normally, Dr. Phillips explains, sodium salts and other electrolytes pass in both directions from the inside of the bowel into the blood plasma, and vice versa; and in healthy people the movement is greater from the gut to the plasma. In cholera, the proportions are reversed. But is this...