Word: solarized
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Pole Switch. Even if the atmosphere absorbs most of the particles before they strike the earth, McDonald and Gunst suggest, there could be major climatic changes. During periods of intense solar bombardment, there are noticeable changes in atmospheric pressure and the direction of jet streams near the north and south poles, which are not protected by the magnetic field. Such changes on a worldwide basis, the scientists say, might cause lush valleys to become barren wastes, deserts to bloom, icecaps to grow and cover the land, or to melt and raise sea levels enough to flood coastal cities...
...Shapiro bounced high-frequency signals from M.I.T.'s exceptionally precise Haystack radar antenna off the planet Mercury. On their way to and from Mercury, the signals, which travel at the speed of light, had to pass close to the sun. During these passages, according to the Einstein equations, solar gravity should have actually slowed them down, lengthening their 23-minute round-trip time to Mercury by one five-thousandth of a second...
...other observatories, the researchers plotted both Earth's and Mercury's orbits to a degree of accuracy never before obtained; it was essential to know Mercury's exact distance at the time of the test to calculate the difference in round-trip time caused by solar gravity...
Eight Gigahertz. The M.I.T. team also had to design a new radar transmitter that would operate at eight gigahertz (pronounced with hard gs), which is 8 billion cycles per second. Radar beams of lower frequency would be significantly slowed down by electrons in the solar corona, making it difficult to separate out the delay actually caused by the sun's gravity. Corrections for Mercury's surface irregularity had to be calculated; round-trip time to a Mercurial valley would be longer than to a mountaintop. It was also essential for the researchers to screen out any extraneous radio...
Whether lunar life did evolve or not,, it would be worthwhile for astronauts to land near Aristarchus. There, by focusing solar rays on the hydrous rock, Green says, they can assure themselves of an ample supply of water...