Word: solarized
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Chewing on Stubs. In this chaos Bohr found his own future. In 1912, he went to Rutherford's laboratory at Manchester, England, just after Rutherford had advanced the theory that atoms are miniature solar systems with electrons revolving like planets around a sunlike nucleus. The idea had serious faults, which Bohr, then 27, spotted promptly; he corrected them by applying the unfamiliar principles of Planck's new quantum theory...
...were justifiably proud when their grapefruit-sized Vanguard I, the first U.S. satellite, continued to circle the earth long after later-launched rivals, both U.S. and Russian, bit the atmosphere. Now their pride has soured; Vanguard I has become a bore and a nuisance. Its radio voice, powered by solar cells, is still on the air after 4½ years. Its reports translate to nothing more important than "Here I am." And unstoppable broadcasts, which may well persist for 1,000 years, clutter up a precious radio channel...
Such channels are already scarce, and they will get scarcer still as more and gabbier satellites for communication, navigation and weather watching take to space. Many of the newcomers will have radio transmitters powered by solar cells, and unless they are silenced in some way, like Vanguard they will broadcast long after their original jobs are done. But to shush a satellite and clear its radio channel is not as simple as it sounds. A radio signal could be sent from the ground to tell the satellite to turn itself off, but this would require tying up a standby radio...
...Harvard spectrometer is designed to observe the solar flares in two ways. First, rather than recording ultra-violet light from the whole solar disc, it can concentrate on a small spot in the center. During this mode of operation, the spectrometer will record the intensity of radiation over the whole ultra-violet spectrum in about 27 minutes...
During its scanning mode, the Harvard spectrometer can build up and store about 12 ultra-violet pictures of the whole sun each hour, recording the occurrence and spread of solar flares in every direction. However, it can scan only one wave-length at a time...