Word: solarized
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...apogee (highest point) to 94 miles at its perigee. On board were three magnetometers, including an extremely sensitive one to measure magnetic fields, and a special instrument to study protons shot out of the sun. This sort of information is vital for space flight to other parts of the solar system. The crews of low-orbit manned satellites will be protected from solar protons by the deflecting effect of the earth's magnetic field, but real interplanetary space may prove extremely hostile to human life. Last week's U.S. satellite was designed to find out just how hostile...
Pravda's picture shows Venusnik as shaped like a snub-nosed howitzer shell, 80 in. long and 41 in. in diameter. Protruding from its body is an assembly of aerials that resembles a windmill, and a pair of wings that house scientific gear and solar batteries. Included in Venusnik's gear are an automatic thermostat to regulate temperature and orienting equipment that 1) prevents the vehicle from tumbling, 2) points its solar batteries constantly toward the sun. and 3) keeps its main aerial facing the earth...
...earth, when the satellite reached a great speed, the booster was separated-whether automatically or by radio signal from earth, the Soviets did not say. The booster stayed on orbit, while Venusnik hurtled on alone. As it broke away from the earth's gravitation, it moved into a solar orbit at 61,000 m.p.h...
...have the station reach its goal on May 15, when the orbits of Venus and the earth are in the same plane. This would have simplified the aiming problem. But two days later, Moscow announced that the station was moving somewhat slower than expected-so that Venus, doing its solar rounds, would catch up with it in late April, or a month earlier than planned...
Donald H. Menzel, director of the Observatory, headed the group, which included Gail Moreton, director of the Lockheed Solar Observatory in Burbank, Calif...