Word: solders
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This concern with craft is readily apparent in all the pieces on display at the Fogg. Traces of solder mark every metal juncture on these pieces--even in the monumentally minimalistic "5 1/2" (1956). Stung by several critics' refusal to consider pieces created by industrial welding as art, Smith persistently defended his technique. The fancifully chaotic composition of "Bird" (1957) further evokes the spirit of an artist unwilling to bow to convention...
...past decade and a half, says the federal Centers for Disease Control. A shocking 78% of the population had elevated lead levels in the late 1970s; by the end & of the '80s, the number was just 4.3%. The primary reason: government regulations that banned leaded gasoline and lead-based solder...
...raises the red flag? Let's take lead as an example, since it's one of the most common problems. Too much lead (more than 15 parts per billion) tends to show up in older, turn-of-the-century houses with lead pipes and in homes where lead solder has been used to join and repair plumbing. Lead solder was banned in 1986, but it is still around in older pipes...
...Peter Bushnack of Harvard's Office of Environmental Safety says many of the pipes in Harvard buildings were sealed with a lead solder which reacts with Cambridge water and can leave lead residue...
...total prevention could be an elusive goal. Americans are constantly exposed to lead, particularly from old, crumbling paint. The dense metal escapes into the air when used in industrial processes and can leach out of crystal glassware and imported pottery into food and drink. Lead solder in old plumbing often contaminates tap water. Government regulations have phased out most leaded gasolines, but the residue from the exhausts of millions of vehicles in years gone by still poisons the soil near major highways. And though lead-based paints were banned for most uses in 1977, a 1988 Public Health Service report...