Word: soots
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...factor is obvious but too often overlooked, said London's Dr. Patrick Lawther: U.S. pollution is mainly industrial, whereas Britain's comes largely from the burning of soft (bituminous) coal in open grates. And the castle that is every Englishman's home discharges the heavy resulting soot into the air near lung level from low chimneys. As for the difference in lung-cancer death rates between men and women (which the tobacco industry maintains is far greater than the difference in their cigarette consumption), the American Cancer Society's Dr. E. Cuyler Hammond suggested that...
...easy, if superficial, explanations. The combination of a chemical carcinogen (cancer-causing factor) with physical irritation is plainly villainous. Cancer of the scrotum among London chimney sweeps was described by Percivall Pott in 1775. The disease disappeared when the sweeps were taught to wash themselves clean of the carcinogenic soot. Lung cancer from inhaling chromate-ore dusts and nickel-refining fumes can be prevented by the wearing of masks, coupled with adequate ventilation. Even the cancer-causing tobacco-tar fractions isolated by Sloan-Kettering's Ernest L. Wynder (TIME, April 27) seem most potent when their powers are reinforced...
...minded, ill-educated, mean-spirited little brute with more feeling in his wallet than in his heart. Yet it is also apparent, after the camera makes a visit to Joe's home town, that he has good reasons for being what he is; Dufton is a bombed-out, soot-seared 19th century factory slum. And something, perhaps the innocence of Joe's vulgarity, suggests that underneath his soot there is a soul...
...Gibraltar; her son Walter Lee (Sidney Poitier), 35, who finds his chauffeur's uniform a strait jacket; his younger sister Beneatha (Diana Sands), a race-conscious progressive who wants to be a doctor; Walter's wife Ruth (Ruby Dee), who yearns for a grassy reprieve from the soot-and-asphalt jungle; and the Youngers' small boy Travis (Glynn Turman), whose main problem is to be first in the communal bathroom down the hall...
...problem was how to heat the droplets differentially. Dr. van Straten solved it with carbon black, which is a fluffy kind of soot whose intensely black particles, about 500.00 in diameter, accumulate radiant heat just like a blacktop road. When these particles are released in a cloud, she reasoned, the water droplets that capture one or more of them should grow warmer by absorbing sunlight, and should lose their moisture by evaporation to droplets that have stayed comparatively cool because they have captured no particles. Then the cool, fattened-up droplets should fall slowly through the cloud, growing gradually bigger...