Word: south
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Handling of the race riots in South Africa...
Havenga had not always flouted the rules. A tough veteran of the Boer War, he became Finance Minister in 1924, and budgeted so conservatively in the next 15 years that he became known as the "Minister of Surpluses." When war came in 1939, he plumped for South African neutrality, split with Prime Minister Smuts, and two years later disappeared into the political wilderness. Last spring he allied his Afrikaaner Party with the race-conscious Nationalist Party (TIME, June 7) and rode back into power when Smuts went...
...found South Africa's economy, based primarily on its gold-mining industry, in deep trouble and short of dollars. Gold sales looked like the quickest solution. What disturbed the Fund more than the first sale was Havenga's apparent determination to make additional premium sales. If Havenga got away with it, there was no reason why other gold-producing countries, notably Canada, could not do the same thing...
...words were polite, but the threat was evident. If Havenga does not abide by the rules in the future, the Fund has the power to expel South Africa or at least freeze the $15 million on which South Africa is eligible to draw this year. There was a greater threat. The Fund, controlled by the U.S., might persuade the Export-Import Bank to turn thumbs down on South Africa's application for a $100 million loan. In any case, the Fund had no intention of being pressured into boosting the price of gold...
French farm prices were also dropping, which left farmers less money to buy gold, and which promised lower retail prices and increased buying power for the franc. Some financiers thought that the announcement of South Africa's gold shipments might also be a factor in the decline. The franc's value in terms of dollars had also risen sharply in the black market. A month ago, $1 had cost 505 francs. Last week, it cost only 395 francs...