Word: southern
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Much of the emigration is the consequence of Hanoi's efforts to relocate southern urban residents in so-called New Economic Zones?often tracts of uncultivated jungle. Officially, the relocations are voluntary. Says one Communist official: "We try to persuade them." Maybe. But during their Saigon stay, members of the U.S. delegation observed a squad of Vietnamese soldiers, armed with AK-47 assault rifles, descending on Cholon to round up a truckload of ethnic Chinese for no apparent reason...
...years?far fewer than authorities would like. During the same period, Saigon's population has declined from 4.5 million to 3.5 million; Hanoi would like to see it reduced by another 1 million. Many people, however, manage to escape from the New Economic Zones and return to the former southern capital clandestinely. Communist officials view the recidivism philosophically. Says one: "It's natural. Life is very hard in the New Economic Zones. It's even dangerous, since there are still unexploded mines there. We have had some casualties...
Unions also face stiff and growingly effective employer resistance. In the Sunbelt, it sometimes turns intimidating. Melvin Tate, a Southern organizer, finds employees of J.P. Stevens & Co., the textile giant, fearful that Stevens will close any plant that votes in a union. Stevens bosses, says Tate, do not make that threat directly because it is illegal, but their wives and relatives pass the word in gossip. In the West, Chaikin charges, owners of some garment plants have prompted the U.S. Immigration Service to raid their own factories and arrest signers of union cards as illegal immigrants?which many indeed were...
...employers' most effective tactic is simply to pay wages and benefits as generous as those a union might win. Union wages generally still exceed those in comparable nonunion jobs?by 16%, at last count in 1975?and are rising faster. But GM, for example, has increased pay in its Southern plants to parity with what U.A.W. members get in the North. Unions, ironically, have been victimized by their own success in making company-paid pensions, medical insurance, longer vacations and similar fringes universal. Even the sons and daughters of diehard unionists feel they have no need to sign a union...
...second largest U.S. line in terms of revenue (about $2.5 billion a year), trailing only United ($3 billion). Pan Am would get the domestic routes it has long sought, ones that neatly dovetail with its international runs. National's routes, mainly in the East and along the country's southern rim, would feed Pan Am's foreign hops from New York, San Francisco and Miami. In turn, National could draw on Pan Am's big fleet of 747s for its growing transatlantic business, which now includes service between Miami, Tampa, New Orleans and four European cities. Indeed, a prime reason...