Word: sovereignity
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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According to the conception of sovereign ethics prevalent before the war, this holdup is no doubt justifiable, simply because it is possible. But the new spirit of internationalism which attempts to prevent costly disturbances can not afford to tolerate the more obvious forms of obstruction...
...benevolent" British Protectorate over Egypt was terminated in 1922 and Egypt declared an "independent sovereign state." None the less Lord Lloyd functions as British High Commissioner to Egypt, and an unobtrusive but efficient British Army of Occupation "protects" such areas of vital interest to Britain as the Suez Canal...
...Conference's most notable act was to adopt a resolution stressing the fact that when a new Calif should be appointed he must be a free sovereign capable of defending Islam. Since the two other traditional qualifications for a Calif-descent from Mohammed and possession of the Holy Cities of Mecca and Medina-were not mentioned, it was inferred that these latter qualifications may be explicitly waived at a later date...
...elected" Calif by his adherents, but abdicated as King in favor of his son Ali, who was subsequently conquered and deposed by Sultan Ibn Saud of Nejd. 2) None of these three disgruntled Califs possesses all three of the traditional qualifications: descent from Mohammed; the status of an independent sovereign; possession of the Holy Cities of Mecca and Medina. 3) None of the at present outstanding Mohammedan potentates possesses all three qualifications. 4) Should one or more qualifications be waived, the following potentates might well precipitate innumerable struggles in an effort to obtain the Califate: King Fuad of Egypt, King...
Significance. In these circumstances it appeared unlikely that the deliberations at Cairo will have any immediate effect. The Calif or Khalifa is, of course, the "Successor" or "Representative" of Mohammed, and is theoretically the temporal and spiritual sovereign of all Mohammedans. Strictly orthodox Mohammedans contend that the Turkish Sultans were never "true califs," charging that they were not actually descended from Mohammed. Since the Sultans of Turkey "assumed" (bought) the Califate in 1517, it may fairly be said to be "extinct" or "lost," at present, if their claims were invalid...