Word: sovereigns
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...clear that until quite recently any legal judgment against a warmaker would have been absurd. Throughout the centuries the choice between war and peace remained entirely in the hands of each sovereign state and neither the law nor the ordinary conscience of humanity ventured to deny that right. For the loser in a war, punishment was certain. But this was not a matter of law; it was simply a matter of course." In the wake of World War I, however, he continued, repeated efforts were made to outlaw war, "reaching their climax in the Kellogg-Briand Pact...
While general education must continue to be the responsibility "of each of the 48 sovereign states," he pointed out that professional education can be provided only in a large and expensive University and "might well be financed by a direct Federal scholarship or fellowship program...
Gradually the arguments came down to that: was the case actually a labor dispute? And did the Government, as the "sovereign," come under the jurisdiction of the Norris-LaGuardia...
Said Judge Goldsborough: "In this case what society, what the sovereign power, was endeavoring to do was hold . . . the labor union from taking the contemplated action which would amount to a public calamity, until there could be a judicial determination of whether it had the right to take such action...
John Lewis, who had challenged that sovereign power by defying it, would have to stand trial for contempt...