Word: sovietism
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Shah's goal, however, was to make Iran a modern, Westernized state, and if that meant equal rights for women, so be it. He aimed to make Iran one of the world's five great powers, along with the U.S., the Soviet Union, France and Japan. The idea might have seemed laughable initially but, as Western demand for oil kept climbing, the Shah's ambitions began to look more plausible. The Shah, whose country pumped 7% of the non-Communist world's oil imports, led the way in the first huge price increase, from...
...Shah's oil revenues soared from just over $1 billion a year at the beginning of the decade to $21 billion by the late 1970s. That enabled him to buy nuclear reactors from France and Germany, steel mills from the Soviet Union, telecommunications systems from the U.S. In the mid ' 70s, the growth rate of the Iranian economy shot up to an unbelievable 41% per year. The Shah further set out to build one of the world's foremost military machines, and in the last 20 years of his reign spent a cool $36 billion on arms...
While the Shah's military machine frightened some Arab neighbors, the U.S. looked on it as a bulwark against the spread of Soviet influence in the Middle East, and President Nixon gave the Shah carte blanche to buy all the American weapons he desired...
...whole a force for stability and moderation in the Middle East. In return for all the American help, the Shah did give a valuable assist to the U.S. in strategic, though hardly in economic, policy. Among other things, he set up electronic listening posts close to the Soviet border from which the CIA could monitor Soviet missile tests...
...demagoguery notwithstanding, even after that slaughter, the total number of the Shah's victims simply cannot be compared to the millions killed by Hitler and Stalin; nor can the tenor of his regime be likened to that of Hitler's Germany or Stalin's Soviet Union. Even among contemporary despots, the Shah is not the worst. One prominent member of the International Commission of Jurists classifies the Shah as in a "second league" of tyrants, below Uganda's Idi Amin, Cambodia's Pol Pot and Central African Emperor Jean Bokassa I. One Iranian expert notes...