Word: sovietized
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...charted the voyage more than 100 years ago. Germans noted that it was Wernher von Braun who had labored a quarter-century to perfect a rocket that could carry men to the moon. Russians were gratified that the American astronauts carried to the moon medals awarded posthumously to two Soviet cosmonauts, Yuri Gagarin and Vladimir Komarov. Color television sets were virtually sold out in Japan...
SPEEDING toward their dramatic rendezvous with the moon last week, the Apollo 11 astronauts were aware that they would have company in the lunar neighborhood. With the aid of periodic news reports from Houston, they were able to keep track of the progress of Luna 15, the unmanned Soviet moon probe launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome three days before their blast-off from Cape Kennedy. The Russians cloaked Luna's mission in characteristic secrecy. Some scientists speculated that it was a "scoopy" shot designed to dig up some lunar soil and return it to earth before a manned Apollo...
...months before Luna 15 was launched, rumors had circulated in Moscow that Soviet scientists would in one way or another try to steal some thunder from Apollo. Speculation intensified last month when Cosmonaut Aleksei Leonov told Japanese newsmen that he expected his country to exhibit rocks from the moon-gathered by an unmanned spacecraft-at the 1970 world's fair in Osaka. Three weeks ago, reports were heard in Moscow that two earlier versions of Luna 15 had exploded prematurely-one on the launch pad early in April, the other shortly after launch on June...
First details of the Russian shot came not from Moscow but from the irrepressible English astronomer Sir Bernard Lovell. "Listening to Apollo with one ear and Luna with the other," as Lovell put it, he tracked the loudly signaling Soviet ship with the 250-ft. Jodrell Bank radio telescope. Soon after launch, he determined that the spacecraft was traveling more slowly than previous Russian moon shots, was on a different trajectory and was transmitting "heaps" of information with a new kind of signal that he could not interpret. The slower velocity indicated to Lovell that the Russians were trying...
Whatever the fate of the Soviet craft, its launching on the eve of Apollo 11's lift-off underscored the fact that the controlling element in Soviet-U.S. space relations is still competition, not cooperation. Yet the question remains: With man now venturing to extraterrestrial bodies, how good are the chances for future joint efforts by the two superpowers? Said Lovell: "The time will come, within ten years, when considerable amounts of equipment will be left on the moon and lunar bases established, and international cooperation will become essential. Otherwise, a very serious situation might arise, both scientifically...