Word: space
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Modern composers-inspired by the development of stereophonic tape and amplifiers-have rediscovered the possibilities of space in music, and they have made it a component of their works, much in the way that Renaissance musicians placed brass choirs in several corners of a cathedral, so that their sounds could meet, mingle and clash. With the following avant-garde works, listening to the music at home on stereo speakers or headphones is probably a better way to comprehend the composer's design than hearing it in a concert hall...
KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN: GRUPPEN FOR THREE ORCHESTRAS; CARRE FOR FOUR ORCHESTRAS AND FOUR CHOIRS (Deutsche Grammophon). Composed between 1955 and 1959, these scores represent Stockhausen's first space compositions using nonelectronic sounds. Significantly, both works had their premieres in large, barnlike fairground buildings rather than on normal concert stages. In Gruppen, three orchestral groups totaling 109 players curve around three sides of the audience; in Carre, four groups of 20 players each, plus eight to twelve singers, face outward from a central circle. Both compositions fill the air with hard-edged blocks of dissonance that collide, clash and splinter with...
...SFAC position--to deny ROTC academic credit, academic appointments, and free space...
...Space-Capsule Communes. Many theologians are asking whether it is ethical for man to transport bacteria from earth to other planets without knowing what the biological effects might be. Some clergymen suggest that prolonged space travel might result in new forms of family-sort of space-capsule communes. "When you have ships with a dozen or so people on them," says the Rev. Edward Hobbs of Berkeley's Episcopal divinity school, "I would presume that there would be some sort of heterosexual community formed...
Father Clifford Stevens, executive editor of The Priest magazine and former Catholic chaplain at California's Edwards Air Force Base, suggests that "theological think tanks" ought to be established to help theologians cope with the spiritual and moral problems of space. He has even consulted the Rand Corporation about the possibility of setting up a "theology fellowship." The theological think tank, as Father Stevens envisions it, would enable a theologian "to carry on dialogue with the scientists. He would take the problems of aerospace and other sciences and try to evaluate them in the light of the theological vision...