Word: spacecrafts
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...most cost-effective method of advancing scientific research is to send spacecraft without astronauts off into different parts of the solar system, in a manner similar to the Voyager spacecraft. Because these spacecraft are inherently much less expensive, less complex and less risky than human-occupied craft, they provide more scientific returns per dollar investment...
...Voyager spacecraft were launched toward the outer reaches of the solar system. In addition to providing spectacular photographs of Jupiter and its moons, the Voyager spacecraft greatly expanded scientists' knowledge of the outer planets. Voyager 2 actually discovered a series of rings around Uranus...
BOTH the Viking and Voyager spacecraft represent solid scientific efforts. In contrast, the shuttle program is little more than an escort service for satellites. Calling it a "space program" is somewhat ludicrous. Even if the space shuttle is necessary, it should not be the focus of the United States space program...
...boosters. The U.S. orbiter is lifted by two recoverable solid rocket boosters and its own three main engines, a system designed exclusively for shuttle missions. Buran piggybacks on the l97-ft.-high Energia, the world's largest operational booster rocket -- a multipurpose powerhouse designed to lift shuttles or unmanned spacecraft weighing up to 100 tons. "Energia could be said to be a much smarter system than what we've got, since it could take anything up," says Seth Arenstein, editor of Soviet Aerospace magazine...
...Soviet Union's first reusable spacecraft orbited the Earth twice today and landed eight miles from its launch pad in Central Asia, marking the first unmanned space shuttle flight ever, a spokesperson for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said yesterday...