Word: spacing
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...proliferate, shooting tens of thousands of miles above the solar surface, sometimes hanging suspended for months. The solar corona, the halo around the sun visible during total eclipses, becomes fuller and brighter; great blobs of the corona, containing billions of tons of hot gas, occasionally burst free, shooting into space at speeds as high as 2 million m.p.h. And the earth's upper atmosphere, pummeled by solar particles, is laced by electrical currents of as much as a million amperes. These in turn create powerful magnetic fields that raise havoc below...
...fastest riser on record," says Ron Moore, an astronomer at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. So fast, in fact, that astronomers are betting on 1990 or perhaps even later this year, instead of 1991, as the beginning of the maximum. And what a maximum it could be. Despite the ferocity of the March flares, Moore warns, "this cycle is still in its early phase. It's got quite a way to go." Solar buffs are speculating it might approach the violence reached by the 1957-58 maximum, which touched off five disruptive geomagnetic superstorms and vivid...
...solar high jinks associated with it from beginning to end. The sun's timing could not have been better. During the first week of observations, it set off several large flares and ejected billions of tons of matter in a prominence that extended more than 200,000 miles into space...
...effects of the flare's fury was the orbiting Solar Max. As the radiation saturated Solar Max's instruments, a NASA spokesman reported, "the satellite was stunned for a minute and then recovered." Heated by the incoming blast of radiation, the upper fringe of the atmosphere expanded farther into space. Low-orbiting satellites, encountering that fringe and running into increasing drag, slowed and dropped into still lower orbits. A secret Defense Department satellite began a premature and fatal tumble, and the tracking system that keeps exact tabs on some 19,000 objects in earth orbit briefly lost track...
These sound waves, or seismic waves, cannot travel in space because there is no air or other medium to carry them. So when the waves reach the surface of the sun from below, they bounce back into the interior, where the greater heat bends them toward the surface again. The result, says astronomer Robert Noyes of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, is a "sun ringing like a bell, but not one that is being struck by a clapper. Rather, it is vibrating somewhat like a bell suspended in a sandstorm, continuously struck by tiny grains of sand...