Word: spadework
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...minded faction within the Kremlin, led by Kosygin and other economic planners, is believed to have won out for the moment over the generals and the "metal eaters" by arguing that the arms race could lead not only to further economic strain but even to war. Johnson's spadework for the forthcoming talks began less than two months after he took office. In January 1964 he wrote to Nikita Khrushchev, calling for talks on controlling nuclear weaponry. Ever since, he has kept after Moscow with what an aide called "enormous, stubborn persistence." During his summit meeting with Soviet Premier...
...episode in history when man changed from nomadic hunter to settled farmer. According to an old archaeological axiom, the transition took place thousands of years ago in the Fertile Crescent, the lush Middle Eastern flatlands between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Largely as a result of Braidwood's spadework, the Fertile Crescent theory has been buried. Most of his colleagues now agree with him that man actually abandoned his vagrant ways as early as 7000 B.C. and set up his first farm villages on the Fertile Crescent's hilly flanks, at elevations...
...that do not afflict the Governors of New York, California and Michigan. With their modest personnel budgets, they cannot readily afford the large staffs necessary to put a politician in the spotlight and keep him there. There are fewer big moneymen in the back yard willing to finance political spadework, fewer political professionals available to give counsel and serve as delegate hunters...
This approach relies heavily on the spadework done in structural linguistics, a new science, born in this century, that has set out to crack the hidden code of speech. Freud's explorations of the unconscious may also have made a contribution to structural theory. Like the taproots of culture, the foundation of speech exists beneath the level of awareness and the superimposed discipline of grammatical rules. The linguists and the structural anthropologists are united in the suspicion that the origin of human speech and of human society may have been equivalent events. Lévi-Strauss's books...
...brutal, ruthless and demanding-but he did what had to be done. He developed Labor's roundly applauded "National Plan" for growth, only to see it shelved by the sterling crisis. He nearly quit over Wilson's stiff price and income controls, yet his labor-management spadework was largely responsible for making them stick...