Word: spain
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...genesis of the Chaco dispute was a 16th-Century royal grant. Ignorant of New World geography, the Spanish Crown granted conflicting titles to two audiencias (old Spanish territorial divisions). The Latin-American republics formed after winning independence from Spain generally followed the old Crown grants. From 1810 on the Chaco dispute smoldered. Although in 1894 a straight line was arbitrarily drawn to indicate the two borders, the controversy continued and in 1932 it burst into a declared war. No less than 18 attempts at arbitration of the dispute failed. The League of Nations once imposed an arms embargo...
...people of Andalusia, in Southern Spain, who voted Leftist when Spain had elections, have usually been cool toward the Italian "volunteers" brought in by tens of thousands to help Rightist Generalissimo Francisco Franco in Spain's civil war. Last week, as some 12,000 Italian infantrymen prepared to return to Italy in a "token" withdrawal of Italian troops, controlled Rightist newspapers and spokesmen whooped up enthusiasm to show Rightist Spain's official gratitude to Fascist Italy...
Most interested spectator of the Italian leave-taking was a Britisher, Francis Hemming, secretary of London's Non-intervention Committee. No secret is it that by this "token" withdrawal both Dictator Benito Mussolini and Generalissimo Franco hope to persuade Britain and France to grant belligerent rights to Rightist Spain. To New York Times Correspondent William P. Carney, however, Mr. Hemming said that Italian aviators, artillerymen and technicians as well as infantrymen ought to be withdrawn...
...Spain's northern frontier a smaller, less spectacular withdrawal of foreign fighters also took place. Into France went 350 cheering men of the International Brigades, until now a part of the Leftist Army. Surrounded by French Mobile Guards, they exchanged fists with French Leftists, shouted: "They didn't need us any more. They can win all by themselves!" Arriving in Barcelona to witness the complete evacuation of the remaining 8,000 International Brigade men was a League of Nations Commission of 19 members, which included Noel Field, U.S. member of the League's Permanent Disarmament Commission...
While the P.O.U.M. affairs (see above) have been Scandal No. 1 in Leftist Spain, there has also been the affair of Malaga. The Leftist commander of the defenses of this rich Mediterranean port-taken in February 1937 by the Spanish Rightists with great swiftness and ease-was Colonel José Villalba, who has been sitting in prison ever since. He was suddenly put on trial last week before the Leftist supreme military tribunal-not the Barcelona civil court before which P.O.U.M. was simultaneously being tried. Among witnesses called to brand Colonel Villalba as a sellout to Rightist Spain...