Word: spanishness
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Founded by a Spanish priest named Josemaría Escrivá in 1928, Sociedad Sacerdotal de la Santa Cruz y del Opus Dei is an "association of Catholic faithful" that seeks to fill a vacuum that Spain's Catholic Church had long neglected: the lack of a means for developing an aggressive, dedicated, militant laity. Escrivá wanted to create, much as Ignatius Loyola had done with his Society of Jesus in the 16th century, spiritual shock troops to rekindle the true spirit of Christianity within the church. But instead of retiring into monasteries, he felt, men with...
...Spain's only "free" (i.e., nongovernment) university, in Pamplona. Last year 15,000 Spaniards attended its theology seminars, 12,000 spent their vacations in its centers of "spiritual retirement," and 20,000 children enrolled in its 143 summer camps. Driven to a fervor that is positively un-Spanish, Opus Dei members have risen to control of one of Spain's largest banks, many newspapers and magazines, a news agency, a jazz club-and to more than a dozen positions of real power within the Franco government...
...precisely that reason that Opus Dei has become such an important factor in Spanish politics. Its members are climbing in every significant political movement except the extreme left. They can be expected to hold positions of authority in whatever government eventually succeeds Franco...
Confusing Answer. What will succeed Franco? Spaniards wish they knew. No one expects a return to civil war. "There are too many committed interests ready to stand in the way of radical upheaval," says a shrewd observer of the Spanish scene. But there is bound to be change; the mystery is, what kind. The official answer is that the machin ery for the transition and continuity of the regime already exists, outlined in six "fundamental laws" that date back to 1947-the closest thing Spain has to a constitution. But the laws are confusing, vague, overlapping and even contradictory...
Since Spain is officially a "kingdom without a king," Franco's successor will presumably be a king-who, according to the fundamental laws, must be an "acceptable" Catholic Spanish male who is of royal blood, is at least 30 years old and swears "loyalty to the principles" of the Franco regime. But how much power the king would have and what kind of government he would preside over are open questions. And if the Cabinet, together with the 13-man Council of the Realm, so decides, it can declare all the royal can didates unacceptable and name a regent...