Word: spanishness
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...known as la movida, whirling all night long. Novelist Camilo Jose Cela won the 1989 Nobel Prize for Literature. "In the 1960s, we felt like second-class Europeans," says Juan Sanchez-Cuenca, director of the U.S.-affiliated advertising firm Bozell Espana. "In the 1980s we felt proud to be Spanish...
...remains at a stubborn 6.9%. Unemployment has swelled to 17.5%, no better than when Gonzalez took office. "There's a lot of cosmetics," says Pedro J. Ramirez, editor of the daily El Mundo. "But fundamentally we have not made a modern economy." Anyone who conducts long-distance business on Spanish telephones or is so naive as to rely on Correos, the government mail service, or so unwitting as to fly Iberia, the fickle state airline, might be tempted to agree...
...also the decade of "los butiful," Spanish jet-setters who made fortunes in banking and speculation. But in 1992 a new sort of hero set a bonfire to those vanities. This spring 470 coal miners arrived in Madrid after marching more than 300 miles from Leon in the north to protest layoffs. Villagers on the harsh Castillian plateau turned out to applaud and even sing to them; television stations filmed the blisters on their feet. "If they import Polish coal, our valley will die," said Eugenio Carpintero, 32, swigging wine from a leather pouch on a blustery afternoon. Outside...
...home on the international stage than on the streets of Madrid. Last year, brushing off opinion polls that showed most Spaniards opposed the gulf war, he allowed the country's air bases to be used as launching pads for U.S. bombing raids against Iraq. Eventually, domestic opposition faded, and Spanish prestige in the international arena rose, heightened by Madrid's success in hosting last fall's Arab-Israeli peace talks...
Next January Spain's seven-year E.C. transition period will be over, and the country will be forced to compete full throttle in a 340 million consumer market. For every businessman concerned that this will mean a foreign takeover of Spanish industry, another argues that Spain can muscle its way into the big leagues. In his Valencia porcelain factory, Jose Lladro offers his 2,300 employees, 85% of them women, an Olympic-size swimming pool, tennis courts and Friday afternoons off. But the atmosphere is far from relaxed. Quality is rigidly controlled, and any worker who arrives six minutes late...