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Dates: during 1980-1989
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With these words, spoken in January, Zinder formally launched a monumental effort that could rival in scope both the Manhattan Project, which created the A-bomb, and the Apollo moon-landing program -- and may exceed them in importance. The goal: to map the human genome and spell out for the world the entire message hidden in its chemical code...
Even more remarkable, each of the four bases represents a letter in the genetic code. The three-letter "words" they spell, reading in sequence along either side of the ladder, are instructions to the cell on how to assemble amino acids into the proteins essential to the structure and life of its host. Each complete DNA "sentence" is a gene, a discrete segment of the DNA string responsible for ordering the production of a specific protein...
...complicate matters, between the segments of DNA that represent genes are endless stretches of code letters that seem to spell out only genetic gibberish. Geneticists once thought most of the unintelligible stuff was "junk DNA" -- useless sequences of code letters that accidentally developed during evolution and were not discarded. That concept has changed. "My feeling is there's a lot of very useful information buried in the sequence," says Nobel laureate Paul Berg of Stanford University. "Some of it we will know how to interpret; some we know is going to be gibberish...
...more likely result of overturning Roe would be far less palatable to the GOP. An end to legal abortion could spell the end of Republican hegemony in presidential elections...
Playing in only his fourth varsity game, Chambers was one of the key factors in Penn's 67-63 win over Harvard last Saturday at the Palestra. Against the tough Crimson press, Chambers was able to spell starting guards Frazier and Tyrone Gilliams--enough to allow the duo to be fresh for the crucial final minutes of the game. Frazier scored nine of the Quakers' 11 final points...