Word: spengler
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...PEARL E. SPENGLER Buffalo...
...biography of Bach has never been surpassed. He is a doctor of medicine whose 36 years of selfless pioneering as a missionary to the natives of French Equatorial Africa are a bright highlight in the relations between the white race and the black. He is a philosopher who, like Spengler and Toynbee, has thought deeply about the crisis of Western culture. He is a Protestant minister and biblical scholar whose historical criticism of the New Testament, early in this century, turned out to be a theological blockbuster. Above all, he is a man who decided to turn his back...
...appointee, who was born in Hoboken and educated at Columbia, is the author of "Configurations of Culture Growth," a study of civilizations after the manner of Spengler and Toynbee, which has been widely acclaimed since its publication two years ago. He was recently awarded the Viking Medal for the most distinguished contributions to the study of anthropology during the last decade, and has also done extensive work in archaeology and linguistics...
...Professor Toynbee, while avoiding the sins that beset Oswald Spengler's Decline of the West-"baffling immensity and enigmatic gloom"-had met the German philosopher's requirement for the writing of 20th Century history: Toynbee had found history Ptolemaic and left it Copernican. He had found historical thinking nation-centered, as before Copernicus astronomical thinking had been geocentric. The nation (Greece, Rome, Japan, the U.S.) was the common unit of history. Toynbee believed that not nations but civilizations were the "intelligible fields of study...
...theory of Spengler (whom Toynbee, nevertheless, calls "a man of genius") that civilizations are tragic organisms, growing inexorably toward predetermined dooms, Toynbee advanced a dryly lucid counter-proposition: civilizations are not things-in-themselves, but simply the relations that exist between men living in a given society at a given moment of history...