Word: spenglers
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When Director Edwin Spengler of Brooklyn's School of General Studies and his assistant director, Bernard Stern, first began working on the experiment, they had already decided that the regular undergraduate program (enrollment: 15,000) was not entirely suitable for adults. For one thing, some grownups object to being put in a class with boys and girls half their age. More important, many have learned enough on their own to put them way ahead in some subjects. Even without an A.B., a businessman is apt to know quite a bit about economics. A writer should have learned something...
...STUDY OF HISTORY, VOLS. VII-X, by Arnold Toynbee, brought to an end the most massive and controver sial historical inquiry since Spengler. It saw the West in a time of troubles, on the brink of becoming part of a world state, and ended by affirming that man can control his earthly destiny, but only by earning the grace...
...life is just one damned thing after another' "), Toynbee organized history in a pattern. He treated not of nations or races or even "forces," but of civilizations which he saw living and dying in regular cycles. This concept was popularized by Germany's brilliant Historian Oswald Spengler (1880-1936), but where Spengler saw the rise and fall of civilizations inexorably fated, Toynbee believed them subject to man's free will and God's grace...
Among the latest refugees from East Germany to arrive in West Berlin was Fraulein Gertrud Spengler, sister of the late, famed German philosopher Oswald (Decline of the West) Spengler...
...Spengler, Toynbee and Sorokin respectively blame "civilization," "inherent defects," and "Sensatism" (roughly, materialism). Other ideas range from malaria to birth control...