Word: spinal
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Most U. S. casualties in World War I were caused by gunshot, shrapnel, shell and rifle wounds. Most frequently injured organs were spinal columns. In decreasing order: abdomens, chests, heads. Exactly how casualties will line up in World War II, no one can yet predict, for new weapons cause new types of wounds. For every known type, army physicians are prepared. Many British surgeons carry an up-to-date handbook on war surgery, newly published by Drs. Philip Henry Mitchiner and Ernest Marshall Cowell...
...brain are four ventricles or water reservoirs, the two largest shaped like a pair of ram's horns. Each ventricle is partly lined with feathery tissue called the choroid plexus. Function of the choroid plexus is to generate the fluid which bathes the outside of the brain and spinal cord. If the choroid plexus produces abnormal quantities of water, or if the brain fails to absorb the fluid which bathes it, hydrocephalus occurs...
Commonly known as chronic infantile paralysis, this rare, creeping disease is a complete mystery to doctors. It attacks the grey matter of the spinal cord, slowly lays waste all muscles controlled by the diseased cord. First to degenerate are the tough fibres in the ball of the thumb. Gradually the other fingers shrivel into a typical "clawhand." Then the arm muscles slowly waste away. After the disease has been intrenched for many years, a patient may lose control of his trunk, face and leg muscles. At the end, he may be little more than skin & bone...
Conklin proved his point by putting sea squirt embryos into centrifuges (whirling machines) and literally turning them inside out. Result: he developed embryo sea squirts with eyes in their innards and spinal cords outside their skins...
...fish has very archaic gill flaps and lower jaw, big bony scales covered with enamel, lobed and limb-like fins, a curious double tail divided by a spinal projection. It is a typical member of the Coelacanths, a primitive fish family which first appeared 300,000,000 years ago when the only land animals were amphibians, and which was widespread and flourishing when the Age of Reptiles was just getting under way. The family has been considered extinct for 50,000,000 years because that is the most recent date assigned to any Coelacanth fossil found in the rocks. Thus...