Word: spore
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Knudson's X-rays produce their changes not by affecting the chromosomes, but rather the chloroplasts themselves. Reason: chloroplasts are passed on directly from parent plant to its offspring through the seed or spore instead of arising anew in each generation under the genetic influence of the chromosomes. Knudson worked with fern spores, because they are simple and sexlessly reproductive...
...most intensive disease-spreading was under way last week in Maryland, where it is subsidized with State funds and helped by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This week a similar campaign begins in New Jersey, where the first few spores were sown in 1939. The method is to heavily infect two half-acre plots of turf (where grubs thrive best) in each square mile. Birds, breezes and flying beetles then complete spreading the disease. Purpose of spore-sowing is not, as in spraying, to kill beetles on a specific plot but to establish the beetle enemy widely. Spore powder...
Then Dubos found in soil samples a spore-bearing bacillus which actually kills five kinds of pneumococcus; staphylococcus (the pus germ), streptococcus, the diphtheria bacillus. The killing agent is a non-protein substance which Dr. Dubos has isolated in crystalline form. One hundred-thousandth of a gram* of the stuff is enough to destroy a billion pneumococci in two hours...
Except for the limited life of the Harvard Society for Contemporary Art, a brilliant nook run by high-brow Harvardians from 1928 to 1932, the first general awakening began four years ago. A drifting spore from Manhattan's Museum of Modern Art took root in Boston as an "affiliate," was watered by about 50 members, made $1,500 on a Modern Arts Ball (now annual and famous as the only dance at which Boston society stays up until dawn). By 1937 there were 300 members. Two months ago, with 800 paying members, Boston's offshoot became a lusty...
...mighty explosion in 1883, sent out a tidal wave that drowned 36,000 inhabitants of adjacent lands. In the Krakatau group, four new islands were formed from the wreck of the former three. Naturalists agreed almost unanimously that every particle of life, down to the last seed and spore, must have been wiped out by lava, ash, gas and steam, that if life again took root on the islands it must come from outside. A minutely detailed story of vegetable life on Krakatau since the catastrophe has now been published in Leiden by W. M. Docters van Leeuwen...