Word: sputnik
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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From "Secret Speech" to Sputnik...
Even this qualified support for the Kremlin disappeared when, in August 1957, the Soviet Union test-fired its first ICBM and two months later launched Sputnik. Russian rocketry, Peking decided, for the first time in history gave the Communist camp military superiority over the West; the Reds must now seize the advantage by fomenting revolutions in underdeveloped nations, even at the risk of war. Instead, Khrushchev pursued a detente with the West. In 1958 he agreed to a moratorium on nuclear testing in the atmosphere (broken in 1961), partly designed to freeze out Peking as an atomic power. When...
Named Project Moon-Watch, the system consists of stations around the world which track satellites with optical cameras. Whipple first set up the system as chairman of the rocketry committee of the U.S. National Commission for the International Geophysical Year. It was ready to follow the first Soviet sputnik in October...
...firm is in "the problem-solving business"-and acts on that philosophy in his planning. Because the forward planners at A. T. & T. view the company as an all-embracing communications service instead of just a telephone operator, the company had a plan for space communications soon after Sputnik went up-and launched Telstar last year. Working on the theory that "1970 starts today," General Electric has set up a colony of 300 planners-one of the largest groups anywhere-by the ocean at Santa Barbara, Calif., where they ponder everything from long-range prospects for the Japanese economy...
...very start of the cold war. The Communist conquest of mainland China, Russia's achievement of a thermonuclear explosion only nine months after the U.S., Russian claims of rapid economic growth-all these added to the Communist image of vast and growing power. Then, in October 1957. Sputnik I struck the U.S. a traumatic psychological wallop. Alarmed voices warned that Russia was speedily wiping out the U.S.'s scientific and technological lead. The climax of the national inferiority complex came in 1960, when the U.S. public became convinced that a "missile gap" confronted the nation, and when John...