Word: sputnik
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Rostov was one of the richest trading towns of medieval Russia, exchanging its honey, furs, wheat and beeswax for Scandinavian amber, Arab coins and Volga pottery. Today, it is a favorite stop for Sputnik International Youth Groups, who stay in the famed Red Chamber that once housed visiting czars, including Peter the Great. Its sprawling kremlin is, next to Moscow's own, the most spectacular in Russia. Forty years abuilding, the Rostov Kremlin incorporates the Metropolitan's residence, churches, service buildings and princely quarters all into one grand architectural ensemble of striking dimension and originality...
Soviet leaders have never played up the race to the moon in their domestic propaganda, and there was no evidence that Russians felt the same chagrin that bothered the U.S. when Sputnik 1 led the way into space. Russian TV provided only limited and delayed coverage of Apollo's flight. But President Nikolai Podgorny wired President Nixon after the splashdown: "Please convey our congratulations and best wishes to the courageous space pilots." Peking, on the other hand, attempted to jam all five of the Voice of America broadcasts in Chinese...
...Sputnik, but spending has already declined from its 1966 peak of $5.9 billion. Wernher Von Braun, whose team was responsible for the Saturn boosters, argues that unless the nation embarks on another Apollo-size program, the U.S. stands to suffer a "tragic loss of a national asset." He fears that NASA's skilled engineers and scientists may be dispersed after the last of the nine remaining Apollo missions is flown in 1972. The space team has already shrunk from 400,000 in 1966 to 140,000 today, and the group might be difficult to rebuild. "To continue to attract...
Legal experts have theorized about the problems of space exploration since well before the first Sputnik was launched in 1957, though their speculations were largely limited to questions of national sovereignty. After a United Nations committee studied the problem, the General Assembly adopted a resolution in 1961 affirming that the U.N. Charter applied to outer space and that celestial bodies were open to exploration by all states...
...Apollo 11 completes its momentous mission, Kennedy's pledge will have been redeemed with five months to spare-a remarkable accomplishment. It is all the more remarkable for the fact that man did not actually enter the space age until twelve years ago, when the Russians launched Sputnik...