Word: sputnik
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Mallery early set out to study the effect of Sputnik speedups on U.S. high school students. Shunning the big abstractions that one lad called "bull questions," Mallery spent six months visiting eight sample schools, all but one public, in the Northeast and Midwest. His 1962 book. High School Students Speak Out (Harper; $3.75), showed that in many schools pressure for good grades was subtly obscuring the goal of learning. "School is not a place to get educated in," students told him earnestly, "it's to get you into college." Said one: "Our real aim-to grow intellectually-is blocked...
Radio Moscow's story blew up a storm of cables and telephone calls from Western newsmen panting after all the newty details. And, though U.S. scientists soon pooh-poohed the salamander saga, it made the front pages of most U.S. newspapers, which since Sputnik I have tended to overplay far-out Soviet scientific claims. Then a Russian scientist debunked the story. Professor Gleb Lozino-Lozinsky. head of the space biology laboratory at the Leningrad Institute of Cytology, disclosed that it had been lifted from a children's book, and "has nothing to do with science." Snapped...
...when Sputnik I beeped around the earth, jolting the U.S. out of its scientific complacency, Pickering was already in command at JPL. The lab wasted no time in mourning the national setback, for the crisis brought a happy change in its mission. Before Sputnik, it had largely been concerned with military missiles, now it became the scientific center of an invigorated U.S. space campaign. In only 83 days, JPL quickly modified a test rocket, the Jupiter C, and tossed Explorer I, the first U.S. satellite, into Earth orbit...
...Balance of Power: The Pres ident believes that Communist mo mentum, which picked up after Sputnik 1, has slackened. The balance of power is with the free world, but there remain many problems. The rich nations get richer and the poor nations get poorer, and Kennedy finds incomprehensible the attacks on U.S. foreign aid programs aimed at helping underdeveloped nations...
...Stalin or Hitler was chosen, there were many angry readers who did not grasp our definition: a man or woman who dominated the news that year and left an indelible mark - for good or ill - on history. Khrushchev was allowed to look triumphant the year of the Sputnik (1957), but Hitler in the year of Munich (1938) already had so much blood on his hands that he was made a small figure playing a hymn of hate on a giant organ - as if the editors wanted to be doubly sure that Hitler could not use TIME'S choice...