Word: sputniked
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...stay abreast of the missile era, the Magazine has added to its list of contributors many a starlit name from the ranks of space engineers, e.g., Hugh Dryden and Heinz Haber, remapped the firmament in its monumental Sky Atlas (price: about $1,200), even peddled (for $2) a Sputnik-tracing kit for the edification of backyard satellite hunters. But it remains solidly indentured to the principles laid down by Gilbert Grosvenor years ago, still segregates advertising and editorial copy, runs no liquor, tobacco or real-estate ads, hustles no lagging subscriber, still refuses to say anything controversial or unkind...
...nervous aftermath of Russia's Sputnik I, the U.S. Government sent out an S O S to U.S. science. Needed was someone to furnish scientific advice to President Eisenhower and to bridge the gap between the scientific and governmental worlds, which had become so interdependent. Top man to answer the call: Dr. James R. Killian Jr., president of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who was named the President's Special...
...passion for missilery has brought the Army the U.S.'s best arsenal of operational tactical missiles (Redstone, Corporal, Honest John, Nike, etc.), and the Huntsville Arsenal's intermediate-range Jupiter turned out to be the first U.S. missile to launch a satellite in the embarrassing days after Sputnik I. But the high cost of shooting minds and money on Big Space worried Army thinkers who were certain that hard ground-war planning and weaponry had been neglected in the process. The Army has yet to replace the heavy, obsolete M-1 rifle with the officially approved, fast-firing...
None of the Russians' three massive Sputniks had reported the Van Allen radiation. One theory is that the Russians outsmarted themselves by refusing to tell the outside world how to interpret signals from their satellites. Since only the low parts of the Sputnik orbits were over Soviet territory, Russian scientists never got reports from high altitudes. If any of the Sputniks carried tape recorders, they apparently did not work...
Another theory is that the Sputniks' Geiger tubes were blacked out near apogee by Van Allen radiation, and that the Russian scientists did not know how to interpret this odd behavior. The live dog carried in Sputnik II died in about a week, but the Russians have not told whether it was affected by radiation sickness. Very likely they do not know...