Word: stalingraders
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Gomulka took no part in this. But when the Germans attacked Russia, he petitioned Moscow to be allowed to form a Communist underground in Poland. Moscow did not answer, but after Stalingrad, Stalin put his own plan for a Polish Communist underground into operation. The Communist Party was to be reconstituted as the Polish Workers Party. New leaders, Poles who had been living in Moscow, were dropped by parachute. But like all Stalin's undergrounds, this one had peculiar duties: it was more interested in liquidating the political opposition, i.e., the Home Army underground, than the Germans. At least...
...last the myth seemed to be laid to rest that the Com munists were the legitimate heirs of the French Revolution. Anti-Communists of all shades-not just the right-joined in spontaneous demonstrations in Paris. Marseille and Lyon. In Bordeaux they tore down the nameplate on Place Stalingrad, renamed it Place Budapest. Flags flew at half-staff. The National Assembly broke into tumult and fighting after Communists jeered a resolution extending sympathy to the Hungarian rebels. "History will judge those who do not associate themselves with this homage!" cried Foreign Minister Christian Pineau...
...afternoon of the first day of fighting General Mohammed Riad, governor of Port Said, was ready to talk surrender (a fact Anthony Eden announced to a cheering House of Commons). But when he telephoned Cairo for permission, he was told: No surrender; Port Said must become the Egyptian Stalingrad. He was also told that Russia would shortly be raining rockets over London and Paris...
...carne in 1939, he talked himself out of the infantry ("Because I don't like walking") and into the artillery. He was almost court-martialed for calling his uniform a Klufterl (a childish masquerade). But he served in Poland, France, Russia, and at the Battle of Stalingrad he led his platoon out of encirclement, fighting a rearguard action for 50 miles...
...right after the Nazis were stopped at Stalingrad (Jan. 31, 1943) and the tide of battle turned, the Russians resumed atomic studies. They continued on a laboratory (but not an industrial) scale for the rest of the war. They may have heard about Enrico Fermi's achievement in Chicago (Dec. 2, 1942) of the world's first nuclear chain reaction. Espionage may have helped them. At any rate, they seem to have been convinced, long before the U.S. exploded its first atom bomb (July 16, 1945), that atomic weapons were well worth trying...