Word: stalinists
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...remarkable postwar recovery was based on a brutal currency reform that in 1948, under Allied military government, destroyed all savings and, by restoring the scarcity value of money, ended the barter economy. Eastern Europe suffers from another economic distortion: the incestuous trade patterns that are a legacy of the Stalinist years. Trade under Comecon, the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, was based on a curious reverse mercantilism: the imperial country (the Soviet Union) supplied energy and raw materials that the colonies (the satellites) paid for in manufactured goods. Since the Soviet Union was chronically short of almost everything...
...more than 40 years, the dead weight of domination by the U.S.S.R. and repression by Stalinist regimes crushed political culture in Eastern Europe. Now, with the encouragement of the Kremlin, reformers are lifting the boulder. But in the midst of burgeoning democracy, personal freedom and national independence, some verminous creatures are crawling into the sunlight. The ugliest and most poisonous is anti-Semitism, which has a long and robust history in that part of the world...
...growth area for forgery today is the work of the Russian avant-garde -- Rodchenko, Popova, Larionov, Lissitsky, Malevich -- which, as a result of perestroika, is coming on the market in some quantity after 60 years of Stalinist-Brezhnevian repression. Prices are zooming, and authentication is thin. Sotheby's held a Russian sale in London in April 1989. It contained, according to some scholars, two outright fakes ascribed to Liubov Popova and one dubious picture, badly restored and signed on the front -- something Popova never did with her oil paintings. Doubts about the authenticity of these works were voiced...
...what used to be called the Soviet bloc, Zhivkov's departure leaves in power only Nicolae Ceausescu in Rumania and Milos Jakes in Czechoslovakia, both old-style Communist dictators. Their fate? Who knows? Only a few weeks ago, East Germany seemed one of the most stolidly Stalinist of all Moscow's allies and the one least likely to undergo swift, dramatic change...
Trnski's speech was the first harsh public criticism of Zhivkov, 78, who gained power shortly after Josef Stalin's death with the aid of the Soviet dictator's supporters, and ran the country in a rigid, Stalinist fashion. The attack also came during the first-ever live television broadcast of a Bulgarian Parliament session...