Word: stalinization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...spoke out against famine or religious persecution in 19th century Russia, his voice so carried around the world that the czars took heed. In the early years of Communist rule, Maxim Gorky wielded his renown to save and protect people, until he died a mysterious death probably arranged by Stalin. Boris Pasternak constituted an invisible government that the regime could never quite overthrow. Khrushchev could make Pasternak give up his Nobel Prize, but no one could erase the protest he raised in his masterwork, Doctor Zhivago: "They only ask you to praise what you hate most and to grovel before...
...above all others, fulfills this dangerous role in Soviet society today is Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Russia's greatest living prose writer. The world knows him largely through a single work, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, his short, searing novel of life in Stalin's labor camps...
...intellectuals and to curb their influence on public opinion. Still, the regime finds itself in an impossible dilemma. Without a return to mass police terror, new voices will be raised in dissent as soon as others are stilled. But the regime knows too that the cost of restoring Stalin's terror would be incalculably high. It would reverse the effect of all Soviet policies designed to bring Russia into competition with the modern world, by destroying the individual initiative of every Soviet citizen, from the simple worker to the great scientist who is crucial to the development of Soviet technology...
...often unreadable and sometimes ludicrously inaccurate. It will also appear as a Book-of-the-Month Club selection in November. In the original, The First Circle is Solzhenitsyn's masterwork, a scathing, ironic portrayal of life in Russia in 1948 and its concentric circles of hell expanding out from Stalin, who has never been made so frighteningly real. Next month, Collins of London is bringing out a far better translation of The First Circle .? The second novel is Cancer Ward, based on the author's own struggle with cancer. It employs the familiar device of the hospital as microcosm...
...role in the consciousness?and conscience?of Russia began with One Day, which was published in 1962 on Khrushchev's order, for political reasons of his own. The book quickly took on an independent life. In cutting away the barbed wire of myth, in piercing the silence around the Stalin era, the book opened up the first frank discussion not only of the Soviet past but its present and future...