Word: stalinization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...17th century, under czar and commissar alike, a central facet of Russian foreign policy has been the drive toward the Middle East. Nicholas II almost secured both sides of the Dardanelles link to the Mediterranean with British help in World War I, but the Russian Revolution ended that. Stalin made an effort during World War II but was rebuffed. Not until Nikita Khrushchev came to absolute power in 1955 did the Soviet push begin to make headway...
...tingle was caused by a four-hour speech from Party Boss Nicolae Ceausescu on the occasion of the 45th anniversary of Rumania's Communist Party. Totally unexpected and unheralded, it was a stinging attack on the Soviet Union that ran the gamut from Lenin through the Stalin era to the current Russian dispute with Red China. Tucked in, as pungently as the garlic in a Rumanian mititei sausage, was the expected plug for "nationalistic Communism" that Ceausescu has made popular in Eastern Europe...
...fellowship at Cambridge University. Soon he was astonishing his fellows with experiments in low temperatures and magnetic fields. Honors were showered on him, and Cambridge built him a special $75,000 laboratory for his work. Then in 1934 Kapitsa returned to Russia for a scientific convention, and Stalin refused to let him leave. Over the years, a few rumors about Kapitsa leaked out, putting him variously as head of Russia's atomic-bomb program, then as out of favor for refusing to work on the H-bomb, and finally, after Stalin's death, as director of the Soviet...
Kapitsa behaved with the caution of a man who knew that he was being watched. He refused to clear up any of the mysteries of his past years, brushing off as "romantic" a reporter's question about his reaction to Stalin's stay order. He spoke guardedly about the Soviet space program, argued that the Soviets were still "a little ahead" of the U.S. At only one point did he unbend, offering his own formula for peace. It was, he said, "an international exchange of scientists from military institutions." "Then," added Kapitsa puckishly, "there would be no more...
...time Sir Winston became Prime Minister of a besieged Britain in 1940 to the last, curt medical bulletin ("Shortly after 8 a.m., Sir Winston Churchill died at his London home"), Charles McMoran Wilson was his confidant and companion. He traveled 140,000 miles with Churchill, watched him grapple with Stalin and Roosevelt, nursed him through pneumonia in the North African campaign and the series of strokes that punctuated and palsied his postwar comeback as Prime Minister...