Word: stalinization
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Winston Churchill famously said, "you can always rely on America to do the right thing--once it has exhausted the alternatives." Churchill and F.D.R. loathed free French leader Charles de Gaulle, and he loathed them in return. Wartime politicians and officials had volcanic fights about how to handle Joseph Stalin, whether to turn postwar Germany into an agricultural backwater, and whether to put the atom bomb under international control. And things weren't always warm and fuzzy during the cold war either. In 1966 de Gaulle quit the NATO command and kicked out U.S. Troops. It took five years...
...time by standing steadfast against the Nazi juggernaut in the Battle of Britain and the Blitz in 1940 and 1941. Thereafter, the U.S. had time in copious abundance, thanks mostly to the skill and cunning of F.D.R.--including, especially, his wily management of relations with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, whose much abused people were plunged into unspeakable woe by the German invasion of June...
Roosevelt accordingly assured Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov in the spring of 1942 that he could "expect the formation of a second front this year." Stalin was momentarily mollified. But he was soon disappointed and then venomously embittered when it became clear that the U.S. would not open a second front in 1942 or even in 1943. As compensation, Roosevelt offered Stalin some Lend-Lease aid, vague assurances of a free hand in postwar Eastern Europe, and a pledge to accept nothing less than Germany's (and Japan's) unconditional surrender. The Russians fought on, but at horrendous cost. Stalin...
...arms and genitals. The photo could have been a textbook illustration of a classic torture method known as crucifixion, says Darius Rejali, an associate professor of political science at Reed College and author of Torture and Modernity. This kind of standing torture was used by the Gestapo and by Stalin, he says, although the wires and the threat of electrocution if you fell were a Brazilian police innovation. "You don't learn this sort of thing in West Virginia," says Rejali. "Somebody had to tell these soldiers what the parameters were for their behavior...
...does Superman really have a dark side? An identity even more secret than Clark Kent? A graphic novel called Red Son, written by Mark Millar, answers the question with another question: What if Superman had landed not in the wholesome bosom of Kansas but in the cold heart of Stalin's Soviet Union? Wearing a hammer and sickle on his chest instead of an S, Superman befriends Stalin and succeeds him when the Soviet leader dies. (Stalin, Millar notes astutely, is Russian for "man of steel.") With his rigid notions of right and wrong, telescopic sight and super-hearing that...