Word: stalinization
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...price tag on Lithuania is now about $34 billion dollars. That's what Gorbachev said that the Republic of Lithuania owes the Soviet Union for investments in factories, roads, nuclear reactors and other improvements introduced by Joseph Stalin and the Red Army Civic Improvement Association...
...purest specimens of the spongelike species that plunged into extinction is Andrei Gromyko, the perennial Foreign Minister who worked with every Soviet leader from Stalin to Gorbachev and conveniently died last year as he fell from grace. Revealingly, his book is relentlessly unrevealing. Of the dermatologist's nightmare that was Stalin's pockmarked face, Gromyko writes, "I don't recall ever seeing any" scars...
...events, we must go back to the beginning. It is December 1922, and Lenin has just retired into his final illness. But his mind is still pulsing. On Dec. 30 the First Congress of Soviets of the U.S.S.R. is scheduled to devise a structure for the union. Joseph Stalin is pushing for national groups to join the Russian Federation as autonomous republics. But Lenin wants all the regions, including Russia, to sign a treaty of equality and form a union. His view will ultimately prevail...
...participants in the birth of the U.S.S.R. believed they were choosing the best method of solving the nationalities question. Instead, they were setting a huge time bomb. No matter what the reasons were behind the formulation of the union -- according to Lenin, to stimulate the world revolution; according to Stalin, to build socialism in one country -- it would even out the various levels of development of many peoples and bring different nations, cultures and civilizations into a common framework. But only one method could be used to achieve this Utopian goal: mass violence. The union was doomed from the very...
...republics, the union would eventually be transformed into a notorious ruler of the center over the republics, overseen by what he called the "Great-Russian chauvinist, villain and tyrant, which is what a typical Russian bureaucrat is." After Lenin died in 1924, his worst fears became a reality under Stalin...