Word: stalinization
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...Warsaw, about 1,000 demonstrators gathered on Constitution Square and began marching toward the monolithic, Stalin-era Palace of Culture and Science in an effort to link up with another group. Police moving in to break up the crowds were greeted with shouts of "Gestapo!" "Solidarity!" and "We want Lech!"-a reference to Lech Walesa, the detained leader of Solidarity...
Tibor Grau still has much to learn. The son of a Jewish banker named Von Grau, a furtive homosexual, a teacher and philosopher of sorts, he survives wartime exile in Stalin's U.S.S.R. by following the principle: "You must lie to survive. But what is a lie?" The tale of the frogs keeps reappearing in new forms. Military Interpreter Grau tells it to some German war prisoners as a parable of how an arrogant team of jumping frogs lost at the Olympics. During the Hungarian revolt of 1956, finally, Grau becomes one of six Hungarians designated to negotiate with...
...even writing it as a work of art, although it is literature in a deeper sense than anything I have ever done before. But I just don't know whether there is any art left in this world, or what art means." Following this veiled reference to Stalin's purges of the artistic intelligentsia, then raging in Moscow, Pasternak continued: "There are people who love me very much (only a few)... It is for them I am writing this novel, as if it were a long letter to them, in two volumes...
...served two terms in the Gulag for her association with Pasternak is well known. This book discloses for the first time that Pasternak's cousin Sasha Freidenberg, Olga's brother, was arrested in 1937 and died in the camps, one of the millions of innocent victims of Stalin's Great Purge. Sasha's wife Musya, who was arrested before he was, survived...
Freidenberg's part in the correspondence is as mesmerizing as Pasternak's. The plight of philologists and linguists under Stalin, who considered himself an expert in linguistics, has never been more acidly described. It is good to know that Freidenberg's long-suppressed writings on such innocent topics as the "Poetics of Plot and Genre" in classical Greek literature are gradually being rescued from oblivion by young linguists in the Soviet Union. But until the rescue is complete, Freidenberg, who died in 1955, will be remembered as the tough-minded and rigorous scholar who gave her inspired...