Word: stalinization
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After the China trip, if nothing upsets his plans, Nixon will become the first sitting U.S. President to visit Moscow and only the second to meet Russian leaders in the Soviet Union. Franklin Roosevelt traveled to Yalta for a fateful wartime conference with Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill in 1945. Despite the postwar chill between the two nations, recent Presidents have been more than willing to seek better relations with the U.S.S.R. by going to Moscow. But Dwight Eisenhower's plans to visit the Kremlin crashed with the shooting down of a U.S. spy plane over Russia...
...Soviet secret police, of course, have a dual function. At home they were never busier than during the Stalin era, when they organized and executed the purges and ran the labor camps. Today the KGB is headed by Yuri Andropov, 57, a Brezhnev Protégé who is clearly subordinate to the political arm of the party. A powerfully built man over 6 ft. tall, Andropov proved his ruthlessness in Hungary as ambassador at the time of the 1956 uprising. It was he who encouraged a delegation of Hungarians to meet with top Soviet officers in Budapest to talk about...
...Japanese have not forgotten that even though they signed a pact of neutrality with Moscow in 1941, Stalin abrogated it in the closing days of World War II by sending the Red Army into industrialized Manchuria to strip it bare. Nor have the Japanese forgotten that the Russians took advantage of them at war's end by seizing South Sakhalin, the Kurils, the Habomais and the islands of Shikotan off Japan's northern coast. Of course, with U.S.-Japanese relations deteriorating and with Chinese hostility directed against both Moscow and Tokyo, the Soviets may yet decide to play a trump...
OFFICIAL methods of dealing with dissident intellectuals in the Soviet Union have always been harsh and arbitrary. They are no longer, as in Stalin's day, summarily shot. Now, with the authorities anxious to preserve legal forms, an increasingly common punishment for dissenters is confinement to mental hospitals that are often jails in disguise. Technically, Soviet courts cannot sentence a man to prison or labor camp unless he has violated the criminal code. Health officers, however, can commit anyone to "emergency psychiatric hospitalization" if his behavior is simply deemed abnormal. "Why bother with political trials," a leading Soviet forensic...
Medvedev irritated Soviet authorities when two of his works reached the West. In 1969 the Columbia University Press printed The Rise and Fall of T.D. Lysenko, a devastating history of how the crackpot genetic theories of Stalin's pet scientist were established as unassailable dogma until the fall of Khrushchev...