Word: stalinize
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...held up for two years in the Soviet Union because of its "ideological deviations." Reportedly, it took Nikita Khrushchev himself to talk stubborn Author Sholokhov into revising the ending (although Sholokhov denies it), in which his Communist hero committed suicide after being jailed on false charges during the Stalin purges. Even with its patchy, rewritten last chapter - the hero is now killed by White counter-revolutionists - Harvest on the Don is an extraordinary book to come officially from Russia. It is frankly critical of much in Soviet life, and sings with a kind of individualism obviously incompatible with Marxist philosophy...
...lanky fellow with a fanatic's fiery eyes, Geneticist Trofim Lysenko was Stalin's favorite scientist. Thirteen years ago, he blossomed before the world as the self-taught despot of Soviet biological science, proclaiming his fantastic dogma that Communists could change nature at will. Riding high, he terrorized his rivals, shipping to prison or disgrace all Soviet biologists who defended the orthodox axiom that basic traits are transmitted by genes that cannot be changed by training the parent organism. Lysenko's dictatorship died with Stalin. But now Lysenko is back in bloom, not as a declaimer...
...Olga Ivinskaya, 55, a woman born to poetry and suffering. Pasternak first met her in postwar Moscow, where she was working as a translator for the State Publishing House. Olga had already experienced the full bitterness of Soviet life. Her first husband hanged himself to avoid arrest in the Stalin purges of 1938. Her second died fighting for Russia against the invading Nazis. Each had left her a child: Irina and Dmitry. Olga was a poet herself, and her acquaintanceship with Pasternak grew into an intense and lasting intimacy...
Five years later, Olga was freed in the amnesty following Stalin's death. She returned to Moscow and Pasternak. In her absence, Pasternak had supported her two children, and he became especially fond of Irina, regarding her as his adopted daughter. Olga moved to the writers' suburb of Peredelkino. With Daughter Irina, she took a cottage near the dacha occupied by Pasternak and his wife Zinaida. Olga acted as Pasternak's literary agent, typed his manuscripts and helped correct his proofs...
Lying on each delegate's desk was a set of "theses" in which Khrushchev proposed a program to resettle peasants in large apartment-house towns called agrogoroda, or agro-cities, from which they could commute to work on the farm. When Khrushchev, as Stalin's farm troubleshooter, first brought up this idea back in 1949, his rival, Georgy Malenkov, attacked it as wildly irresponsible, and Stalin called it off before it was even tried. Trying to please Khrushchev, Sokolov now said that his region planned to build agro-cities on big state farms to replace villages. Khrushchev...