Word: stalinize
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Stalin, resentful of U.S. influence in a Europe that seemed ripe for Communist plucking, denounced the plan-and within a year of its inception, Czechoslovakia and Poland, both of which had been eager for its benefits, had fallen to Red putsches. In the Hotel Ritz in Paris last week, the U.S.'s most seasoned envoy, Averell Harriman, who was Ambassador to Russia during the last days of World War II, recalled before a 20th anniversary banquet a meeting that he had with Stalin in Berlin at war's end. "It must be a great satisfaction...
...Replay. It was dollars, not army divisions, that thwarted Stalin's hopes of a czarist replay. Over the four years from April 2, 1948, when the U.S. Congress overwhelmingly enacted Marshall Plan legislation, until June 30, 1952, when the last shipments of matériel and talent-ranging from vitamins to valuta, feed grains to corporate planners-reached the Continent, the U.S. had pumped $13.5 billion into 16 European nations,* an amount that averaged a bit more than 1% of the U.S.'s gross national product each year. The major beneficiaries were Great Britain ($3.2 billion), France...
...essential. His Cold War contemporaries described him variously as a Red Hitler and a Jolly St. Nik, a shoe banger and a shrewd geo-politician. Before his ouster in 1964 by less colorful but more pragmatic men, Khrushchev had justified at least some of those descriptions: he denounced Stalin and initiated the cultural thaw in Soviet life; he built the Berlin Wall and wisely backed down from the Cuban missile crisis after rashly getting into it; most important, he allowed the Soviet economy to become consumer oriented, a process that has begun to alter the very nature of Marxism...
...former Moscow correspondent fails to bring Khrushchev alive, but it raises questions about all the unknowns in his life: what was his childhood like; was he really a sadistic Stalinist during the old days as a commissar of the Moscow subway; did his war experiences turn him away from Stalin; did he become a "goulash Communist" only after the showdown in Cuba; why did he permit Brezhnev and Kosygin to ease him out? This book fails to answer those questions, but only Nikita can do the job-and he is unlikely to write his memoirs...
...realized that his country must retain the favor of its Soviet neighbor. While this has not meant alliance with the Soviets, it has led to a neutrality that slightly favors them. Kekkonen keeps up his ties with the Russians; few men can boast of having established personal relationships with Stalin, Khrushchev, Kosygin and Brezhnev...