Word: stalinize
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...intelligence, and who as much as any other Russian is credited by the West with initiating Russia's great debate. A stocky Ukrainian with a quick and witty command of English, Liberman is typical of Russia's new breed that has used the freedom of the post-Stalin era to correspond with and receive Western economists, is as at home in Moscow's ministries as conducting a postgraduate seminar...
...Urge. What the reforms seek to do is liberate the Soviet economy from the stifling economic dictatorship that Stalin imposed on it as a mirror image of his political tyranny. Determined to rush the transition to industrial power that had taken the U.S. and Britain 200 years to accomplish, he turned Russia into a gigantic state corporation that ruthlessly seized every bit of excess capital it produced in order to feed it back into its heavy industries-above all, steel-which are the sinews of a modern economy. With such a single-minded goal, planning was relatively easy...
...time Stalin died, the economy had grown so complex that no army of planners, however large, could possibly keep up with Russia's exploding technology. And for the first time, the Soviet consumer began to have enough money, and enough of shoddily made goods, to refuse to buy what failed to please him-and to want more of everything from hand cream and weekly hairdos to haute couture. As Izvestia unabashedly admitted fortnight ago: "The urge to have one's own car is as compelling as technical progress itself." This was a kind of consumer pressure that...
...theories; heredity, they believe, is controlled by genes in the reproductive cells and remains unchanged throughout an individual's life. But Lysenko had something else beside his dogma going for him. He was an exceedingly skillful Communist-style politician, and his views held great appeal for Joseph Stalin. They abetted Stalin's will to believe that hereditary traits can be changed in a planned society. For more than a quarter of a century, as those views controlled Soviet biological research and were written into Soviet textbooks, they degraded Soviet science...
...Siberia. With Stalin to back him, Lysenko became absolute dictator of Soviet biology, including agricultural research and development. In 1940 he sent his opponent, Professor Nikolai I. Vavilov, Russia's leading geneticist, to die in Siberia. He purged or silenced other critics in universities and laboratories. While Stalin lived, no one dared to disagree with Lysenko. His primitive exercises in plant and animal breeding had few successes, and lack of dogma-free research contributed heavily to the poor performance of Soviet agriculture...