Word: stalinize
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...QUEST FOR SELF-EXPRESSION: PAINTING IN MOSCOW AND LENINGRAD 1965-1990, Columbus Museum of Art. What 43 Soviet artists have been up to since the post- Stalin "thaw." Through...
That would be a breathtaking plunge. The 500-day Shatalin program would reverse the basic aim of the Bolshevik revolution and Stalin's brutal overlay of collectivism by creating a nation of shopkeepers -- or more accurately, a federation of republics with economies built on private businesses, individually owned farms, entrepreneurial investments, and stock markets trading shares in competitive companies...
Soviet peasants were forced into collective farms and all land became the property of the state during a bloody campaign led by Josef V. Stalin from 1929-1932. Between five million and 10 million people are believed to have died during the collectivization drive...
...rappel a l'ordre, the call to order. The custom has been to see it as a hiatus in the forward drive of modernism -- at best a faltering of energy, and at worst an Arcadian sham, a rehearsal for the coarse, repressive state art of Hitler, Mussolini and Stalin. This show is the first to take an inquisitive and fair-minded look at it. The curators, Elizabeth Cowling of Edinburgh University and Jennifer Mundy of the Tate, have done an admirably lucid job of presenting the material, sympathetic but without inflated claims...
Stripped of ethnic and regional antagonisms, Yugoslav nationalism could be a positive force. It helped Tito maintain autonomy against the aggressive designs of Stalin -- and in that sense was an early harbinger of the freedom Eastern Europe has now found. "Nationalism is not necessarily a bad thing," argues Miroslav Hroch, a historian at Prague's Charles University. He believes after four decades of communism it is inevitable that people will seek a national identity. "An old order has collapsed, and people have to belong to something," he says. "There is nothing wrong with their rallying to the flag." True...