Word: stalinize
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When Boris Pasternak and Olga Ivinskaya fell in love in 1946, Stalin was preparing his second assault against the Russian intelligentsia. Ivinskaya became the beleaguered poet's lifeline. By his own account, she was the inspiration for Lara in his novel Doctor Zhivago. She was his typist, his collaborator on translations and his business manager. While the unworldly poet remained on the sidelines, he delegated her to deal with hostile Soviet bureaucrats and, later, with the foreign publishers of his Nobel-prizewinning novel, banned in the U.S.S.R...
DIED. Freda Utley, 79, acerbic, English-born author (Odyssey of a Liberal, Last Chance in China), and journalist; of a stroke; in Washington, D.C. A member of the British Communist Party, she moved to the Soviet Union in 1930 but grew disillusioned with Stalin's regime when her Soviet husband was exiled to Siberia, where he died in a concentration camp. She emigrated to the U.S. in 1939, became a foreign correspondent for the Reader's Digest, and during the McCarthy hearings of 1950 testified about Communist influence on U.S. foreign policy in the Far East...
...entrance to Red Square. The agency has a huge network of informers within the U.S.S.R., and it can often veto applications for new jobs, visas and university admissions. It operates prison camps and mental hospitals and directs the Soviet campaign against dissidents. Lubyanka Prison, where victims of Stalin's purges, such as Grigori Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev, were executed, is part of the 2 Dzerzhinsky Square complex of buildings...
...boss, Yuri Andropov, took command in 1967, and in 1973 became the first KGB head since Stalin's dreaded Lavrenti Beria to join the ruling Politburo. Andropov, 63, is said to admire modern art and to be a witty conversationalist who speaks fluent English-a portrait that contrasts with his harsh actions as Moscow's Ambassador to Hungary during the 1956 uprising. Under Andropov, says one Western analyst, "the thugs are being weeded...
...object of all these huzzas was Rumania's diminutive dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu, who turned 60 last week amid trumpetings of praise not heard in the East bloc since Stalin's day. Congratulatory telegrams poured into the Palace of the Republic in Bucharest. Busts and portraits were unveiled. A shrine was being built at his birthplace, in the farm village of Scornicesti. A special exhibition of 60 books on Ceauşescu from 30 countries opened in the capital. Moscow conferred the Lenin Prize, East Germany sent the Order of Karl Marx, and the Rumanian Academy...