Word: stalinized
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...unlike the President's 1972 trip, when he visited Moscow, Kiev and Leningrad, this time they might go as far afield as Minsk in Byelorussia, Volgograd in Southern Russia, Lake Baikal in Siberia and Yalta in the Crimea, the site of the controversial summit meeting of Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin during World War II. Speaking of the agreements he hoped they might reach, Brezhnev said, "I think we shall please people both in the United States and hi our Soviet land...
Died. Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov, 77, squat, solemn Soviet marshal dubbed "the Eisenhower of Russia"; of a heart attack; in Moscow. Zhukov fought in World War I as a Czarist dragoon, in 1918 suited up as a Red Army cavalryman. After weathering both the shift to mechanized warfare and Stalin's purges of military professionals, Zhukov was Chief of Staff when Hitler first trained his guns on the U.S.S.R. In 1941 the marshal smashed the myth of Nazi invincibility by engineering the defense of Moscow with a flood of Siberian troops, and later won the great battles of Stalingrad, Leningrad...
...home in exile in Zurich, the Russian writer gave the signal for the publication of the oft-postponed second volume of his trilogy, The Gulag Archipelago, by the Russian-language Y.M.C.A. Press in Paris.* An exhaustive, harrowing 657-page account of the forced-labor system under Lenin and Stalin, Gulag II may well be Solzhenitsyn's most stunning achievement to date...
...born with the first gun salvos of Aurora" -the battle cruiser that signaled Lenin's seizure of power in October 1918. The "alma mater," as Solzhenitsyn calls it, of all subsequent forced-labor camps was established under Lenin in 1923 on the Solovetsky Islands in the Arctic. Later, Stalin made slave labor a dominant factor in the Soviet economy...
...Demands. Among all these projects, Solzhenitsyn singles out the Stalin Canal, built in 1931-33 between the White and Baltic seas, for close examination. It was here, on a 140-mile expanse of frozen wasteland, that Stalin first tested out his grandiose program to industrialize the Soviet Union by using a cheap, mobile and inexhaustible labor force. As Solzhenitsyn explains it: "Slave labor made no demands, could be transferred anywhere at any moment, was free of family ties, had no need for housing, schools or hospitals, and sometimes not even for kitchens or lavatories. The state could obtain such manpower...