Word: stalins
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...mind was the United Nations, which for months has been crippled by the dispute over assessments for U.N. peacekeeping operations-for which, of course, the French have not been willing to pay. The problem, decided De Gaulle, lay not in the U.N. Charter-which, "with Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin, and Chiang Kaishek, I had the honor of working out"-but in the fact that the General Assembly had usurped the powers delegated by the charter to the veto-conscious Security Council. "Under the pressure of events in Korea, in Suez, in Hungary, and of the immoderate abuse by the Soviets...
...that threaten nearly every precept and practice of Communism in the past generation. Whether conservatively toeing their Marx or boldly advocating such heretical Western-style reforms as the primacy of profits, every important planner, apparatchik and economist in Russia is caught up in Communism's greatest debate since Stalin set backward Russia on its cruel-but successful-forced march into the 20th century industrial world...
...ways. At stake is nothing less than Russia's vast "command economy," with its Kafkaesque, topheavy bureaucratic fiefdoms regulating every pulse and throb of the nation's economic engine. And though Marx never mentioned central planning and Lenin came to it only late in life, such is Stalin's historical shadow that at stake, too, are a generation of ideological maxims boastfully vaunting the superiority of Socialist planning over capitalism, the pervasive power-and perhaps the jobs -of some 10 million planners large and small, and ultimately perhaps the amenities of life of millions of ordinary Russians...
Died. Frol Romanovich Kozlov, 57, onetime No. 2 man in the Kremlin; after a series of strokes; in Moscow. Urbane and well-dressed, Kozlov was the stereotype of Communism's second-generation apparatchiki-the flexible party bureaucrat who could work with equal fervor for Stalin, Malenkov or Khrushchev, while carefully testing Moscow's changing winds. His real rise began in 1957, when, as a member of the 130-man Communist Central Committee, he shrewdly backed Khrushchev's bid for power, shortly thereafter became one of Nikita's two First Deputy Premiers and heir apparent; his decline...
...perversion of Enlightenment philosophy that allowed no room for disagreement or human foible. Those who did not share that vision were packed off to the guillotine; some 17,000 were beheaded during the Terror. By equating Virtue with Terror, Robespierre set a comforting precedent for every subsequent despot from Stalin to Castro...